Agricultural livelihoods, adaptation, and environmental migration in sub-Saharan drylands: a meta-analytical review

Abstract Drylands in sub-Saharan Africa are strongly affected by the impacts of climate change. Temperature increases, changes rainfall patterns, and land degradation pose serious threats to food security, health, water availability region. The increase livelihood insecurity can turn trigger migration as a way adapt or cope with stress. Based on 89 original case studies, this study uses review meta-analytical techniques systematically explore relationship between environmental change, adaptation, rural areas drylands. We show that households use diverse range strategies respond hardships different ecological contexts. While is common some communities, it less relevance others, take various forms. Our findings indicate often used complementary strategy other forms which vary depending situational needs. cluster analysis identify adaptation clusters how linked response differ socioeconomic conditions. find serve last resort measure for highly vulnerable groups, be combination in-situ diversifying income adapting agricultural practices. results have important implications highlighting role local conditions coping understanding migration.